![]() “Orthographic” comes from the Greek word for “straight writing (or drawing).” Orthographic projection shows the object as it looks from the front, right, left, top, bottom, or back, and different views are typically positioned relative to each other according to the rules of either first-angle or third-angle projection. Click here for terms of use.įigure 5.1A An example of a simple drawing of objects that essentially requires only two views to read.įigure 5.1B An example of a simple drawing of objects that essentially requires only two views to read.įigure 5.1C An example of a simple drawing of objects that essentially requires only two views to read.įigure 5.2 A drawing of an object requiring three views to interpret correctly.ĭrawing” has come into general use, indicating that more than one view is used to illustrate an object, but the terms are essentially synonymous. In recent years the term “multiviewĬopyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Pictorials are discussed later in this chapter.ĥ.2 ORTHOGRAPHIC (MULTIVIEW) DRAWINGS AND PROJECTIONSįor many years architects and engineers have utilized a system known as orthographic projection to accurately represent three-dimensional objects graphically on paper. Because pictorial projections innately have this distortion, great liberties are often taken for economy of effort and best effect. Orthographic pictorial instrument drawings are often used to approximate graphical perspective projections, but there is attendant distortion in the approximation. Pictorials show an image of an object as viewed from a skew direction in order to reveal all three directions (axes) of space in one picture. ![]() Pictorials are an ancillary category within orthographic projection. A view of an object is technically known as a projection. Additional special views may be required, including pictorials, auxiliary views, sections, and exploded views. In the interpretation of complex objects, even three drawings are not usually adequate to convey all the necessary information. Competency in drawing and sketching are essential communication tools for architects, engineers, and those involved in the building trades and manufacturing industries. Without the ability to communicate, architects, and engineers cannot function in a team. The goal is to communicate the necessary detail to the targeted audience, whether it is the builder, manufacturer, or client. Whether sketching or drawing, the objective is the same. Figure 5.2 shows a drawing using three views. Figure 5.1 shows three example of objects requiring only two views to read. It is often not possible to read a blueprint by looking at a single view two or three views may be needed to correctly read and visualize the form. In order to be capable of interpreting a drawing, one must be able to relate the different views. ![]() Orthographic projection principles are basic to all fields in the construction industry. Drawings are the main vehicle of communication in the construction industry, and in learning to read and interpret blueprints, it is necessary to develop the ability to visualize the object to be built.
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